The far right’s national plan for schools: Plant charters, defund public education

Lately, Hillsdale School, a small non-public Christian college in Michigan, has quietly develop into a driving drive in America’s ongoing fights round schooling. A “feeder college” for the Trump administration, Hillsdale led President Trump’s controversial 1776 Fee and serves as a testing floor for the best’s most formidable concepts: For example, that variety erodes nationwide unity, that Vladimir Putin is a populist hero and that conservatives ought to lure so many kids out of public colleges that the complete system collapses.

Hillsdale has inconspicuously been constructing a community of “classical schooling” constitution colleges, which use public tax {dollars} to show that the U.S. was based on “Judeo-Christian” ideas and that progressivism is essentially anti-American. In January, Tennessee Gov. Invoice Lee introduced plans to companion with Hillsdale to launch as many as 50 such colleges, which public schooling advocates concern could possibly be a tipping level within the privatization battle.

On this three-part series, Salon appears to be like at Hillsdale’s multifaceted and far-reaching function in shaping and disseminating the concepts and techniques that energy the best. In our first installment, we met Hillsdale president Larry Arnn, a Winston Churchill scholar who led Trump’s short-lived 1776 Fee and has used his connections to right-wing thought leaders like Ginni Thomas and Betsy DeVos to show his college right into a political powerhouse. Within the second installment, we explored the curriculum taught at Hillsdale and broadly promoted by means of its nationwide community of constitution colleges, which is knowledgeable by a deeply conservative understanding of American historical past, an “originalist” studying of the U.S. Structure and an specific need to undo progressive instructional reforms of the final 100 years.

The Orange County Classical Academy (OCCA), a part of Hillsdale College’s Barney Charter School Initiative, opened its doorways in August 2020 with a combative aptitude. The college flew a pro-police “Skinny Blue Line” flag and introduced its adoption of a sex-ed curriculum “designed to help father or mother authority and household values,” which, an ACLU review has discovered, consists of the suggestion that LGBTQ college students could outgrow their orientations or identities, and that girls who’ve abortions are “destroying” themselves. Whereas different college districts across the nation pressured over masking or whether or not to open in individual in any respect, OCCA marketed its full lack of pandemic restrictions.

An FAQ on the college’s web site makes clear that, like Hillsdale itself, it presents a classical schooling targeted primarily “on the historical past and cultural achievements of Western civilization,” which it sees as “the heritage of each scholar at OCCA,” irrespective of the place they arrive from. College students primarily learn the works of white males, since “the good leaders, thinkers, scientists, writers, and artists of Western Civilization have largely been white males.” Whereas academics will talk about historic bigotry or discrimination “when applicable,” they will not choose historic figures by trendy requirements.

In sum, it is a plan tailored to handle the conservative complaints of the previous two years, which OCCA co-founder Jeff Barke says has now earned the college a 1,000-student waitlist, largely from conservative homeschooling households. But it surely wasn’t a simple street to get there. 

Barke and his OCCA companion, Mark Bucher, needed to strive a number of occasions earlier than the Orange Unified College Board (an area elected physique, not the county-wide board led by Mari Barke) lastly authorized their petition in December 2019, after a contentious, five-hour assembly that lasted previous 1 a.m. 

At that assembly and earlier than, critics each among the many public and board raised quite a few pink flags in regards to the OCCA proposal. The college’s supporters, noted board members, appeared to have gathered signatures for his or her petition by canvassing minority neighborhoods and making the unfounded promise that OCCA graduates would obtain preferential consideration and scholarships to close by Chapman College, the place one in all Mari Barke’s colleagues on the Orange County Board of Schooling (OCBE) is a dean and that colleague’s husband is president. (Chapman can be the place Trump coup planner John Eastman taught till final yr.) 

Over his years of schooling advocacy, board member Kathryn Moffat mentioned, Bucher had been concerned in a handful of scandals: There was a bus privatization contract that left college students stranded on the road, and a college whose constitution was revoked after accusations of nepotism, self-dealing and the fraudulent use of greater than $25 million in taxpayer funds. The lady OCCA first proposed as its headmaster had induced public outcry the yr earlier than over a Fb publish during which she referred to as Colin Kaepernick an “anti-American thug.” 

Amid the ultimate 2019 hearing, three of the seven Orange United board members opposed the OCCA petition, calling it a “fiscal” and “curricular nightmare” with a clear spiritual and cultural bias, and saying that Barke and Bucher weren’t skilled educators however “ideological and political activists.” Even the administrator of an space Christian college wrote in to warn that OCCA’s plan amounted to unlawful public funding of non secular colleges. 

RELATED: Charter schools are pushing public education to the breaking point

However the three critics on the board had been within the minority, up in opposition to 4 conservatives, two of whom had acquired nearly their whole marketing campaign funds from a PAC affiliated with the California Constitution Colleges Affiliation. 

“Clearly they wanted to recuse themselves,” mentioned Lynn Riddle, a retired federal choose who spoke on the assembly to warn in regards to the obvious conflicts of curiosity. “In case you ask anyone, wherever, which manner you would possibly lean if you happen to get nearly 100% of your cash from one donor and the donor is a celebration to a choice you are going to make, it is not rocket science.”

Barke and Bucher additionally introduced greater than 100 supporters to pack the assembly, squaring off in opposition to a cadre of opponents affiliated with the academics’ union, whom Barke later described, in an interview with the right-wing Epoch Occasions, as resembling members of “antifa.” 

In an interview with Salon, Barke chalked the criticism he and Bucher acquired as much as “character assassination” from unions that hate OCCA “as a result of we’re competitors.” He mentioned neither he nor Bucher would ever financially revenue from the constitution, and that, on the contrary, he’d donated a lot of his personal money and time to the college. He dismissed the suggestion that OCCA was “a spiritual college in disguise” as “a flat-out lie designed to fire up opposition.” That mentioned, he continued, the college is “not afraid to show children in regards to the deep spiritual founding of our nation and the beliefs of our founders that had been steeped in Judeo-Christian values.” 

In the summertime of 2020, amid Jeff Barke’s rising superstar as an anti-lockdown activist, Mari Barke used her place on the OCBE to challenge a set of pointers calling for in-person education with out masks, social distancing or lowered class sizes. These pointers had been ostensibly the results of an professional panel OCBE convened that June, however had been really written by the panel’s moderator, Will Swaim, president of the California Coverage Middle, the right-wing assume tank the place Mari Barke works. (Swaim later admitted that he’d written many of the doc earlier than the panel even met.) When the rules drew vital nationwide consideration, 4 of the panelists distanced themselves or requested to have their names faraway from the doc. Nonetheless, Mari Barke cited it quickly thereafter in written testimony for a lawsuit searching for to compel Gov. Gavin Newsom to reopen California colleges. 

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This January, Jeff Barke echoed him, urging the congregation at Calvary Chapel Chino Hills to “Go away the federal government colleges! … And if you happen to’re not going to try this, then run for the college board.”

Over the summer time, Mari Barke instructed that oldsters in search of in-person schooling ought to take into account charters, and Jeff Barke promised that OCCA would open that fall “with no restrictions.” That July, Swaim mentioned that OCCA would someway “function underneath the aegis” of the California Coverage Middle, and, just like the Barkes, urged mother and father offended about pandemic restrictions to hunt out charters as a rebuke to the common public college system. “If we will get mother and father switched into constitution colleges or non-public colleges,” he informed the Los Angeles Times, “we’ll make these union colleges pay for his or her failings.” 

If public colleges started mandating vaccines for kids, he added, lots of of 1000’s of individuals ought to descend on Sacramento in protest. “If sufficient of us get up, and sufficient of us say, ‘In case you do that, my little one will not be in a authorities college,'” he informed the church, they may win. “As a result of together with your little one comes the schooling {dollars}, and in case your little one is not in class, they will not have the cash, the unions will not get funded, and people colleges will shut down.” 

Till current years, the time period “authorities colleges” was pejorative rhetoric used nearly completely by the Christian proper, which for many years has referred to as on believers to depart public colleges. However by means of the pandemic, each that language and the sentiment behind it — {that a} sluggish battle of attrition would possibly trigger the general public schooling system to break down — have gone mainstream. 

Once I requested Jeff Barke about this, he doubled down, suggesting that the “silver lining of COVID” is a “mass exodus from conventional authorities colleges,” and calling for the abolition of the federal Division of Schooling. 

However none of that, he says, is political. “It is not our need to struggle politics in schooling,” Barke informed me. “It is our need to rescue schooling from politics.” 

“Orange County is a hotbed of extremism and has been for some time, but it surely’s actually exploded over the previous couple of years,” mentioned Katie Hill, a father or mother activist in close by Riverside who has tracked the Barkes’ affect on native colleges intently. “Folks in Orange County are fairly tuned into the radicalization of the college boards and their fellow neighborhood members. It is only a matter of what you are able to do to cease it, as a result of there’s a lot cash funding all of this.” 

Throughout Mari Barke’s tenure, the OCBE has emerged as a culture-war drive unto itself. The board opens its conferences with a prayer, and when a college board in close by Chino voted in 2019 to drop its long-standing authorized battle to permit prayer and Bible readings throughout public conferences, the OCBE picked up the case on Chino’s behalf. The OCBE has sued Orange County’s superintendent twice in the previous couple of years, along with its three lawsuits against Gov. Newsom, all on the general public dime. The board’s major objective, Mari Barke says, is to function a type of appellate courtroom for constitution colleges which were rejected on the native stage, and in such circumstances, the charters nearly all the time win.

However she dismissed the notion that marketing campaign donations she or her OCBE colleagues have acquired from pro-charter teams symbolize a battle of curiosity. “I do not do what I do as a result of they help me,” she mentioned. “They help me due to my beliefs and since I’m pro-school selection.” 

As even conservative native media have pointed out, OCBE has repeatedly hosted public conferences on subjects over which it has no management, largely to function a platform for offended right-wing mother and father, as with a July 2021 forum on “important race idea,” organized in response to new state requirements for ethnic research programs and one such course proposed at an area county highschool. (Jeff Barke additionally wrote a sequence of letters to the editor throughout that conflict, suggesting that approving the course would someway decrease property values within the surrounding neighborhood.) 

At one level in 2021, Mari Barke additionally spoke at one other Calvary Chapel church, in Silverado, urging congregants to point out up at native conferences on college oversight and pandemic restrictions, describing the scene they’d encounter as “form of like a mini-Trump rally out in our parking zone.” 

“Each assembly, present up,” she continued. “If all of us struggle, we’ll win.” 

9 days later, famous Hill, a contingent of Proud Boys and different far-right activists from outdoors Orange County showed up to protest a Los Alamitos college board assembly, main police to recommend the board cancel their in-person session. 

RELATED: Right-wing authoritarianism is winning — but higher education is where we can fight back

This January, after Orange County started a post-census redistricting course of, and a invoice was proposed to maneuver college board elections to align with basic elections in November — when the voters is more likely to be a lot bigger and extra liberal — the OCBE’s conservatives counterattacked, describing the plans as a partisan Democratic effort to “break up our board majority combating for parental rights.” On the evening Jeff Barke spoke at Jack Hibbs’ church, he mentioned many OCCA mother and father had gone to a unique native assembly as an alternative, to protest “evil forces which might be attempting to stop [Mari] and her board from doing what they’re doing.” 

Two weeks later, a associated listening to was held on the county’s Committee on College District Group, the place one in all Mari Barke’s conservative OCBE colleagues led supporters in prayer within the parking zone outdoors. Riddle recalled that assembly as a weird expertise, with a parade of audio system, many carrying OCCA shirts, testifying in opposition to the plan and in favor of the OCBE. “They had been led to consider that one thing untoward was happening on this dialogue that put them or others like them in jeopardy,” she mentioned. “A few of them had been really weeping — about issues that had nothing to do with placing their kids in danger, nothing to do with this mapping course of.” 

Finally the assembly devolved into shouts that the redistricting committee was discriminating in opposition to the mother and father, that they had been Communists or Nazis or “white racist bitches.” Now the OCBE is suing that committee too. 

*  *  *

The drama round OCCA has been significantly risky, due to each the pandemic politics swirling round Jeff Barke and Mari Barke’s seeming conflicts of curiosity. However comparable dramas have performed out across the nation, if typically extra quietly, as Hillsdale’s constitution college initiative has unfold. 

“That is the type of marketing campaign that goes underneath the radar. It takes place school-by-school, district-by-district, and so does not get that a lot nationwide consideration,” mentioned Jeff Bryant, a journalist with the Impartial Media Institute who coated a Hillsdale constitution fight in Colorado seven years in the past, which sparked heated accusations that the proposed college was searching for to supply spiritual instruction in disguise. That constitution finally handed, regardless of its request for quite a few exemptions from state legal guidelines associated to bullying, pupil privateness and discrimination, amongst others.

Extra just lately, a college board director outdoors Colorado Springs sought to introduce Hillsdale’s 1776 Curriculum so college students would “know what it means to be an American.” 

He wasn’t the primary. Within the mid-2010s in Michigan, Tea Social gathering activist Pasquale Battaglia tried to open a BCSI constitution, the Livingston Classical Academy, so as to “train up American Citizen Patriots.” Native critics highlighted the truth that Battaglia initially proposed the college underneath the name “Livingston Christian Academy,” and for years mentioned plans to construct a “God and Nation” schooling project to return education to the times during which “The at the start ‘textual content e book’ is all the time the Holy Bible.” Additionally they pointed to Battaglia’s observe document of posting inflammatory materials on-line, together with calling local weather change a “Prog ploy,” sharing a meme evaluating Michelle Obama to “The Predator,” declaring “The one technique to efficiently negotiate with Islam is to current them their full destruction,” and quoting Joseph Stalin as perverse inspiration: “Schooling is a weapon whose results rely on who holds it in his arms and at whom it’s aimed.” 

In Florida, the principal of Naples Classical Academy, a BCSI constitution, equally got here underneath scrutiny for his social media historical past, together with posts about Muslim “gang rape marathons,” “Muslim indoctrination in US colleges,” and purported revelations about ties between Frequent Core curriculum and “Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia.” (Requested about these examples, a spokesperson for Hillsdale responded that Hillsdale “doesn’t personal, govern, or handle any of its affiliated colleges,” however that if “uncivil conduct involves our consideration,” they flag it for varsity leaders.)

Typically BCSI colleges have needed to store round extensively earlier than discovering an authority keen to approve their petition. In Michigan, the Livingston Classical Academy ultimately opened as a BCSI constitution, although not underneath Battaglia, after a roundabout method of acquiring a “cyber constitution” authorization to open what’s in apply primarily an in-person college. (In 2021, the college’s board announced it might not renew its partnership settlement with BCSI.)

In Indiana, mentioned MaryAnn Ruegger, a board member of the Indiana Coalition for Public Schooling, Hillsdale has repeatedly sought to make inroads in a state that is already a locus of the “college selection” motion. It has solely managed to open one college thus far, the Seven Oaks Classical Academy, which was twice denied by Indiana’s Constitution College Board, on which Ruegger now sits. On its third strive, the constitution was licensed by Grace School, a small non-public evangelical college in Winona Lake, a city with deep roots in fundamentalist Christian historical past and the onetime house of famed evangelist Billy Sunday.

Final yr, BCSI turned to a Native American tribal school in Wisconsin to authorize that state’s first Hillsdale constitution, the Lake Nation Classical Academy, in any case different potential authorizers rejected their utility. Critics famous that the academy did not serve kids of that Native tribe, and that the college’s curriculum notably downplays the historic crimes dedicated in opposition to Native Individuals. 

As Wisconsin Examiner editor-in-chief Ruth Conniff famous in a December investigation, there is a monetary incentive for teams that authorize charters, since sponsors obtain a share of all per-pupil funding contributed by the state. Conniff additionally reported that Lake Nation benefited from buddies in excessive locations, with a state conservative Supreme Courtroom justice — himself the co-founder of a personal Christian college that bans LGBTQ academics or college students — attending the constitution’s open home in December. 

In lots of states the place Hillsdale has planted a flag, BCSI charters get pleasure from political connections, however the sample in Florida is especially egregious. Former Collier County College Board member Erika Donalds is one instance. The spouse of Rep. Byron Donalds — who was a speaker at this yr’s CPAC, the place he declared that “the battle for our future” runs by means of the nation’s colleges — Erika Donalds helped discovered another affiliation for conservative Florida college board members and later served on the academic transition group for Gov. Ron DeSantis. When she left the college board after one time period in 2018, Donalds based a consultancy group referred to as the Optima Basis, particularly to assist launch BCSI charters. Her website stories she has labored with 4 such colleges in Florida to this point. 

Sue Woltanski, creator of a public-school advocacy blog and a member of the Monroe County College Board within the Florida Keys, says the political affect runs deep. “In case you have a look at who opened any of the constitution colleges in Florida,” she mentioned, “you are going to discover both Erika Donalds and Optima or somebody who was once within the Florida legislature.” 

One other instance is Anne Corcoran, who’s married to Florida schooling commissioner Richard Corcoran, and who served as each a board member and director of BCSI’s Tallahassee Classical College till 2019. That was when local newspapers famous a battle of curiosity, after Richard Corcoran recruited Hillsdale to assist the state draft a brand new, extra “patriotic” civics curriculum. 

Richard Corcoran — who has reportedly instructed cutting the general public college system by two-thirds and whose brother has labored as a lobbyist for a constitution college administration firm — spoke at Hillsdale the identical yr, telling the college’s attendees to view schooling because the battlefield the place Republicans might win the political battle. In that struggle, Corcoran mentioned, regular progress towards college privatization was being made. 

As Florida Republicans transfer nearer to reaching their acknowledged long-term goal of constructing 100% of the state’s college students eligible for varsity vouchers, Corcoran instructed that when the state manages to lure 1.5 million college students away from public colleges — to get these children “throughout that Rubicon,” as he put it — the resultant lack of funding and compelled consolidation would alter the academic panorama so radically that not even future Democratic governors might change it again. Certainly, they may be getting shut already, he mentioned, with nearly a 3rd of that quantity already utilizing vouchers or in charters.

“You possibly can’t take these 500,000 children and convey them again into the general public college system. So you must hold doing what we’re doing, as shortly as we’re doing it,” he mentioned. For example his level, Corcoran turned to the instance of Tennessee. “Dr. Arnn was speaking about Tennessee asking for 100 Barney initiative constitution colleges. That is a game-changer. Upon getting that, and rapidly the governor leaves … and it is a liberal that is available in there, you may’t put the animals again within the barn.” 

What meaning, explains Amy Frogge, a former member of the Metropolitan Nashville Board of Schooling in Tennessee and government director of the public-school advocacy group Pastors for Tennessee Kids, is that constitution enlargement on a big scale poses an existential risk to public schooling. “As constitution colleges proliferate, they strip public colleges of ample funding,” she mentioned, “and in Tennessee, our colleges have been inadequately funded for 30 years. On the identical time, they ‘cream’ college students from conventional colleges.”

RELATED: Fighting back against CRT panic: Educators organize around the threat to academic freedom

What occurs then, Frogge continued, is one thing of a demise spiral: “Public colleges are left serving rising numbers of high-needs, high-cost college students who’re being disadvantaged of the assets they should succeed. Bringing charters and voucher colleges into the college system is a recipe for failure for the general public college system. Nationally, what we’re seeing is a really intentional effort to dismantle public schooling on this vogue.” 

Describing the constitution marketing campaign in Indiana, Ruegger agreed: “If sufficient of this pushes by means of right here, whether or not it is Barney or different charters, my little hometown will lose its public college,” because the identical small class sizes that charters promote as a perk are used as justification to close down and consolidate public colleges.

Virtually a yr after Corcoran’s prediction, that promise is on its technique to being fulfilled. Together with Tennessee Gov. Invoice Lee’s introduced partnership with Hillsdale and an preliminary funding dedication of $32 million, the state legislature is acting to hurry up the constitution college utility course of, permitting petitioners to bypass native college boards and apply on to a state fee with a historical past of overruling native opposition. The bill additionally drastically eases the trail for licensed charters to increase by means of buying “underutilized” college buildings for a $1 payment, whereas requiring the general public college district to bear the price of any main repairs or excellent money owed. 

“The privatization push could be very well-developed by PR companies,” mentioned Frogge. “It is a billionaire’s motion, and I consider that every one the controversy about important race idea and people points are being stirred up so as to drive a ‘failing colleges’ narrative.” 

In lots of small cities, she continued, the place colleges are the linchpin of the neighborhood, that is a tough process. “Most communities love their native public colleges. They’ve highschool soccer video games, and their family and friends members educate on the colleges. The one manner the privatization motion can acquire floor is to create controversy and mistrust of the general public college system.” 

“That is what all of this,” Frogge mentioned — which means the e book bans, the CRT panic, the assaults on academics and faculty employees — “is about.” 

*  *  *

On Feb. 2 on the Orange County Board of Schooling assembly, Jeff Barke’s bid to start opening new OCCA campuses across the county handed by a 3-1 vote, with Mari Barke abstaining. (Authorized questions across the petition couldn’t be addressed by the OCBE’s common basic counsel — a visitor contributor to the California Coverage Middle who’s helped the board fight the county superintendent — who additionally needed to recuse himself as a result of he additionally works with OCCA.) 

A very painful second arrived when Beckie Gomez, the lone board member outdoors the OCBE’s conservative majority, in addition to its sole trustee of colour, objected to Mari Barke remaining on the dais throughout the debate. When Gomez instructed that her presence might nonetheless affect the proceedings, from the viewers, OCCA mother and father who had come to help the enlargement plan burst out laughing, prompting an exasperated plea from Gomez that everyone attempt to “be type.” When the board member appearing in Mari Barke’s stead put the query to a vote — joking that he wasn’t married to Barke, and she or he could not affect him — everybody however Gomez voted to permit Mari to stay. Lower than an hour later, the board authorized OCCA’s unconditional enlargement and the room broke into cheers. 

Watching a livestream of the assembly from house, Briana Walker, an area mom who’s been drawn into activism round OCCA, logged off in disgust on the seeming inevitability of the end result. 

“I do not assume folks notice what this entails,” Walker mentioned. As soon as these varieties of colleges are authorized, “there’s nearly no technique to get them unapproved. It is by no means going to occur. They are going to have the ability to run amok in our county.” Simply final month, she famous, got here information that an OCCA board member will run in opposition to Orange County’s incumbent superintendent, doubtlessly rising their affect much more.

Oropeza agreed, warning that “by the point a [BCSI] college is in your neighborhood,” a whole lot of groundwork has already been laid to safe its success. She in contrast the state of affairs to the proliferation of mannequin payments written by company pursuits after which enacted by Republican lawmakers in state legislatures across the nation: “You place it collectively, and it is unattainable for individuals who find out about this plan a yr or two later to struggle the momentum these folks have created for themselves.” 

The long-term purpose of the complete Hillsdale-driven instructional universe, as Sue Woltanski of Florida’s Monroe County College Board sees it, is not any thriller: shifting a important mass of kids out of the general public colleges, as a way of destabilizing after which destroying them. 

RELATED: Republicans’ war on education is the most crucial part of their push for fascism

“I feel, like Corcoran mentioned, the battle for America might be gained in schooling,” she mentioned. “There are such a lot of wins for conservatives by privatizing schooling. They get to manage the message, lower taxes and get entry to the hearts and minds of all the youngsters in America. They get to kill the academics’ union — that one cannot be pressured sufficient. They principally enable for segregation academies. They’re allowed to fund their very own Christian views. All of this stuff are related.” 

And it is occurring on a number of ranges, Oropeza says — federal, state and native. “They’ll hold plugging away as a result of they’ve the assets, they’ve the connections they usually have the imaginative and prescient. They’re enjoying the lengthy sport, and whereas Hillsdale won’t appear vital now, with their 53 colleges, all they should do is get a couple of states to undertake their requirements, and the sport modifications.”

That game-changing second could have arrived final month. However in contrast to earlier BCSI constitution efforts, which have largely gone unnoticed outdoors affected native communities — and, as journalist Jeff Bryant notes, have drawn little protest from Democrats — Gov. Lee’s grandiose plans for Tennessee have sparked substantial pushback. State Democratic leaders have criticized the plan as academically pointless, an assault on public schooling and, within the words of Democratic state Sen. Raumesh Akbari, the retailing of a “warped model of historical past.” Native journalists have accused Lee of searching for to create “a community of publicly-funded, non-public Christian colleges” and Hillsdale of a backdoor form of money-laundering. On Feb. 28, the ACLU of Tennessee filed an open data request searching for all data associated to Lee’s partnership with the faculty. 

To Frogge, this can be a heartening wake-up name. “I have been advocating for public schooling for 10 years, and the final couple of years have been extraordinarily tough,” she mentioned. “It appears type of hopeless, and like all the pieces is simply rolling by means of the legislature.” 

This time, issues appear completely different: “Maybe it is the overreach, however I feel it has woke up lots of people to what the privatization motion is all about, which isn’t the well-being of scholars.”

Learn extra of Kathryn Joyce’s reporting on the far proper: